• teenagers and young adults,

• people working as labourers,

• people doing regular strenuous exercise.

Big eaters need to eat:

• at least 8 slices of bread or the equivalent (crackers, rolls, muffins)

PLUS

• 3 pieces of fruit or the equivalent (juice, dried fruit) PLUS

• at least 2 cups of high carbohydrate vegetables (corn, legumes, potato, sweet potato)

PLUS

• at least 2 cups of cereal or grain food (breakfast cereal or cooked rice, or pasta or other grain)

PLUS

• 2 cups of low-fat milk or the equivalent (yoghurt, ice cream)

This provides 375 grams of carbohydrate which is suitable for a 10 500 kilojoule (2500 Calorie) diet.

An athlete who is training hard would generally need to eat double this quantity of carbohydrate.

WHAT ABOUT THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATE? Traditionally, carbohydrate has been classified in terms of its chemical structure. We now know from scientific research and clinical trials with real people that the whole concept of simple and complex carbohydrates does not tell us anything about how they will actually behave in the body. Until recently, it was widely believed that complex carbohydrates, or starches such as rice and potato, were slowly digested and absorbed and therefore caused only a small rise in blood sugar level. Simple sugars, on the other hand, were assumed to be digested and absorbed quickly, producing a large and rapid increase in blood sugar. These assumptions were wrong.

Forget about the words simple and complex carbohydrate. Think in terms of low G.I. and high G I. factor.

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Most have failed soon after transplant has occurred. Most pancreas transplants are carried out in adults who also need a kidney transplant, and in some centers over 40% are still functioning by producing insulin a year or more after transplantation. There are however many problems associated with pancreas transplants. This is partly due to the fact that the pancreas is also an organ of digestion, and the digestive juices have destroyed the capacity of the pancreas to produce insulin. It is a difficult surgical procedure to transplant the pancreas and all the problems of organ rejection have to be overcome. There is also the problem of adequate supplies of pancreases. The body has only one pancreas, so you can’t donate your pancreas to a member of your family. Some centers are working on the possibility of transplanting part of the pancreas, as the human body does not require all of the pancreas to produce insulin.

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